Electron Speed Calculator Classical vs. Relativistic Speeds from Kinetic Energy Introduction This calculator determines the speed of an electron given its kinetic energy (KE). It provides results from two perspectives:

Interactive Angular Resolution Calculator How to Use This Calculator This calculator determines the angular resolution of an optical instrument (like a telescope or an eye) based on the Rayleigh Criterion.

E=mc² Calculator (Mass-Energy Equivalence) Calculator Instructions Theory & Formulas Mass (m): kg (kilograms) g (grams) mg (milligrams) µg (micrograms) amu (atomic mass units) lb (pounds) oz (ounces) Calculate Energy How

Laser Brightness (Irradiance) Calculator Calculator Instructions Theory & Formulas Laser Power (P): mW (milliwatts) W (watts) Initial Beam Diameter at Aperture (D₀): Enter diameter in millimeters (mm). Full Angle Beam