Interactive Angular Resolution Calculator How to Use This Calculator This calculator determines the angular resolution of an optical instrument (like a telescope or an eye) based on the Rayleigh Criterion.

Laser Brightness (Irradiance) Calculator Calculator Instructions Theory & Formulas Laser Power (P): mW (milliwatts) W (watts) Initial Beam Diameter at Aperture (D₀): Enter diameter in millimeters (mm). Full Angle Beam

Interactive Bragg's Law Calculator How to Use This Calculator This calculator uses Bragg's Law (nλ = 2d sinθ) to determine parameters related to X-ray diffraction from crystal lattices. Select which

Force Calculator F = m × a Solve for Force (F) Solve for Mass (m) Solve for Acceleration (a) Force (F) Newtons (N) Pound-force (lbf) Mass (m) kilogram (kg) gram