Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator / Carrier Frequency Calculator

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. It describes a hypothetical population that is not evolving.

Key Equations:

• Allele frequencies: p + q = 1
  • p = frequency of the dominant allele (e.g., A)
  • q = frequency of the recessive allele (e.g., a)
• Genotype frequencies: p² + 2pq + q² = 1
  • p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype (e.g., AA)
  • 2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype (e.g., Aa) - This is the carrier frequency for a recessive trait.
  • q² = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (e.g., aa)

Assumptions for Equilibrium:

1. Large population size (no genetic drift).
2. Random mating.
3. No mutation.
4. No gene flow (migration).
5. No natural selection.

How to Use: Select the type of information you have, enter the value(s), and click "Calculate". The calculator will derive all other HWE parameters.