Friction Calculator Fƒ = μ × Fɴ Solve for Friction Force (Fƒ) Solve for Coefficient (μ) Solve for Normal Force (Fɴ) Friction Force (Fƒ) Newtons (N) Pound-force (lbf) Coefficient of
Laser Brightness (Irradiance) Calculator Calculator Instructions Theory & Formulas Laser Power (P): mW (milliwatts) W (watts) Initial Beam Diameter at Aperture (D₀): Enter diameter in millimeters (mm). Full Angle Beam
Relativistic Kinetic Energy Calculator Understanding Relativistic Kinetic Energy Classical physics, described by Newton's laws, provides a formula for kinetic energy (KE = 0.5mv2) that works well for objects moving at