Interactive Laser Beam Expander Calculator How to Use This Calculator This calculator determines the properties of a laser beam after passing through a two-lens beam expander. Enter the Wavelength (λ)

Electron Speed Calculator Classical vs. Relativistic Speeds from Kinetic Energy Introduction This calculator determines the speed of an electron given its kinetic energy (KE). It provides results from two perspectives:

Scientific Unit Converter 1. Select Physical Quantity Quantity: 2. Enter Value and Select Units Value to Convert: From Unit: To Unit: Convert Reset Fields Reset All Conversion Result Conversion Steps

Interactive Bragg's Law Calculator How to Use This Calculator This calculator uses Bragg's Law (nλ = 2d sinθ) to determine parameters related to X-ray diffraction from crystal lattices. Select which